Service Law \u2014 Pension \u2014 Work-Charged Employee: <\/strong>Period of work-charged service can be reckoned for purpose of computation of qualifying service for grant of pension. [Habib Khan <\/em>v. State of Uttarakhand<\/em>, (2019) 10 SCC 542<\/a>]<\/p>\n Insolvency and Bankruptcy Laws \u2014 Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Insolvency Resolution Process for Corporate Persons) Regulations, 2016 \u2014 Regn. 38 (as existing prior to amendment made on 5-10-2018):<\/strong> Differential treatment of dissenting financial creditor i.e. differential liquidation value that would be paid to dissenting financial creditors is permissible under unamended regulations. [Rahul Jain <\/em>v. Rave Scans (P) Ltd.<\/em>, (2019) 10 SCC 548<\/a>]<\/p>\n Criminal Trial \u2014 Appreciation of Evidence \u2014 Contradictions, inconsistencies, exaggerations or embellishments \u2014 Minor discrepancies:<\/strong> Undue importance should not be attached to omissions, contradictions and discrepancies which do not go to the heart of the matter and do not shake the basic version of prosecution witness \u2014 This is particularly true when prosecution case is corroborated by medical and forensic evidence. [Rohtas <\/em>v. State of Haryana<\/em>, (2019) 10 SCC 554<\/a>]<\/p>\n Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 \u2014 Ss. 238-A and 7:<\/strong> Art. 137 of Limitation Act provides for a limitation period of 3 years, while Art. 62 of Limitation Act providing for limitation period of 12 years for recovery of debts secured with immovable property. Date of enforcement of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code is irrelevant for computation of limitation period i.e. no new lease of life to be given to debts which are already time-barred. [Gaurav Hargovindbhai Dave <\/em>v. Asset Reconstruction Co. (India) Ltd.<\/em>, (2019) 10 SCC 572<\/a>]<\/p>\n Administrative Law \u2014 Promissory Estoppel \u2014 Applicability \u2014 Nature and Scope \u2014 Invocation of the Doctrine \u2014 Principles summarized:<\/strong> Fundamental principles of equity must for ever be present to mind of court, while considering applicability of the doctrine. Doctrine must yield when equity so demands if it can be shown having regard to facts and circumstances of the case that it would be inequitable to hold the Government or the public authority to its promise, assurance or representation. Public interest is the superior equity which can override individual equity. Moreover, the doctrine of cannot be invoked for enforcement of a promise made contrary to law. [Union<\/em> of India <\/em>v. Unicorn Industries<\/em>, (2019) 10 SCC 575<\/a>]<\/p>\n M.P. Land Revenue Code, 1959 (20 of 1959) \u2014 S. 158(v)(b) \u2014 Bhumiswami rights \u2014 Tenability of claim as to: <\/strong>As the grassland under personal cultivation of erstwhile zamindar was not found to be khudkasht land of proprietor within meaning of S. 2(c) of M.B. Zamindari Abolition Act and not fulfilling essential conditions under S. 4(2), hence stood vested in the State under S. 4(1) thereof, claim of bhumiswami right, held untenable. [State of M.P. <\/em>v. Sabal Singh<\/em>, (2019) 10 SCC 595<\/a>]<\/p>\n Constitution of India \u2014 Arts. 141 and 144:<\/strong> Judgment and order of the Supreme Court disposing of appeal against decision of High Court arising out of representative suit is final and binding on all concerned. All courts and civil and judicial authorities are required to act in aid thereof. [ISSAC Mattammel Cor-Episcopa <\/em>v. St. Mary\u2019s Orthodox Syrian Church<\/em>, (2019) 10 SCC 606<\/a>]<\/p>\n Town Planning \u2014 Parking Area \u2014 Infrastructure need, policy initiatives, pilot project and desired administrative action with regard to parking in Delhi: <\/strong>Directions issued with regard to \u2014 (a) Clearance of encroachments in pavements of residential areas and framing of rules for discouraging such encroachers, (b) expeditious notification of the draft rules of Delhi Maintenance and Management of Parking Places Rules, 2019 not later than 30-9-2019 and enforcement of same in letter and spirit by all concerned, (c) proper assessment of parking needs for next 25 yrs while granting building permissions, (d) considerations while evaluating feasibility and effectiveness of pilot project, (e) considering viability and effectiveness of introducing modern technology, that is, RFID tags, parking guidance and information systems and last mile connectivity from parking spaces to commercial areas, institutions, etc. and submit a report in this behalf by 30-9-2019. [M.C. Mehta <\/em>v. Union<\/em> of India<\/em>, (2019) 10 SCC 614<\/a>]<\/p>\n Penal Code, 1860 \u2014 S. 120-B and S. 302 \u2014 Criminal conspiracy \u2014 Existence of \u2014 Proof of \u2014 Essential elements summarized:<\/strong> Three essential elements must be shown: a criminal object, a plan or scheme embodying means to accomplish that object, and agreement between two or more persons to cooperate for accomplishment of such object. In this case, conspiracy to murder was not established against A-1 and A-5, but they were correctly convicted under Ss. 302\/34. [Rajender <\/em>v. State (NCT of Delhi)<\/em>, (2019) 10 SCC 623<\/a>]<\/p>\n Constitution of India \u2014 Art. 235 \u2014 Powers of High Court of supervision of subordinate courts \u2014 Exercise of disciplinary powers \u2014 Scope:<\/strong>\u00a0 High Court\u2019s role as guardian and protector of District Judiciary in maintaining its independence, explained. Misconduct distinguished from mere passing of erroneous orders. Erroneous orders to form part of service record to determine career progression of judicial officer concerned, but cannot, held, by themselves be considered as misconduct, unless they are passed for extraneous reasons, illegal gratification, etc. [Krishna<\/em> Prasad Verma <\/em>v. State of Bihar<\/em>, (2019) 10 SCC 640<\/a>]<\/p>\n Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 \u2014 Ss. 42 and 8\/15 \u2014 Search and seizure:<\/strong> When seizure of material is proved on record and is not even doubted or disputed, entire contraband material need not be placed before court. At times the material could be so bulky, that it may not be possible and feasible to produce the entire bulk before the court. Further, if seizure is otherwise proved, what is required to be proved, is fact that samples taken from and out of contraband material were kept intact, that when samples were submitted for forensic examination seals were intact, that report of forensic experts shows potency, nature and quality of contraband material and that based on such material, essential ingredients constituting an offence are made out. [State of Rajasthan <\/em>v. Sahi Ram<\/em>, (2019) 10 SCC 649<\/a>]<\/p>\n W.B. Premises Tenancy Act, 1997 (37 of 1997) \u2014 S. 7 \u2014 Scope and Nature of:<\/strong> S. 7(2), held, is mandatory in nature. Courts lack power to extend time where tenant defaults in payment of rent. S. 5 of Limitation Act, 1963 is not applicable to proceedings under S. 7(2). [Bijay Kumar Singh <\/em>v. Amit Kumar Chamariya<\/em>, (2019) 10 SCC 660<\/a>]<\/p>\n Service Law \u2014 Pay \u2014 Pay scale, fixation and revision \u2014 Differentiation based on training \u2014 Classification based on academic qualifications and experience \u2014 Legality of: <\/strong>Nature of work may be more or less the same but scale of pay may vary based on academic qualification or experience which justifies classification. \u201cPrinciple of equal pay for equal work\u201d cannot be applied in mechanical manner. Classification made by body of experts after full study and analysis of work should not be disturbed except for strong reasons which indicate classification made to be unreasonable. Inequality of men in different groups excludes applicability of principle of equal pay for equal work to them. Hence, validity of lower pay scale for untrained teachers, affirmed. [Director of Elementary Education <\/em>v. Pramod Kumar Sahoo<\/em>, (2019) 10 SCC 674<\/a>]<\/p>\n Education Law \u2014 Employment and Service Matters re Educational Institutions \u2014 Appointment\/Recruitment: <\/strong>As illegal appointment was made by Management of college concerned, denial of financial approval by State, held proper. [Ravindra Singh <\/em>v. Distt. Inspector of Schools<\/em>, (2019) 10 SCC 679<\/a>]<\/p>\n Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 \u2014 S. 482 \u2014 Quashment power under: <\/strong>Minute consideration of evidence and defence put forth at S. 482 stage is not permissible. [CBI <\/em>v. Arvind Khanna<\/em>, (2019) 10 SCC 686<\/a>]<\/p>\n